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Tag Archives: topology
Topology: Locally Connected and Locally Path-Connected Spaces
Locally Connected Spaces Recall that each topological space X is the set-theoretic disjoint union of its connected components, but in general (e.g. for X=Q) fails to be the topological disjoint union. The problem is that the connected components in general aren’t open … Continue reading
Topology: Path-Connected Spaces
A related notion of connectedness is this: Definition. A path on a topological space X is a continuous map The path is said to connect x and y in X if f(0)=x and f(1)=y. X is said to be path-connected if any two points … Continue reading
Posted in Notes
Tagged advanced, connected components, connected spaces, path-connected components, path-connected spaces, topology
2 Comments
Topology: Connected Spaces
Let X be a topological space. Recall that if U is a clopen (i.e. open and closed) subset of X, then X is the topological disjoint union of U and X–U. Hence, if we assume X cannot be decomposed any further, there’re no non-trivial clopen subsets of X. … Continue reading
Topology: One-Point Compactification and Locally Compact Spaces
Compactifications There’re lots of similarities between completeness and compactness, beyond the superficial resemblance of the words. For example, a closed subset of a compact (resp. complete) space is also compact (resp. complete). Two differences though: compactness is a topological concept … Continue reading
Topology: Finite Intersection Property (Omake)
The whole point of this article is the following seemingly trivial observation. Theorem. A topological space X is compact if and only if it satisfies the finite intersection property (F.I.P.): if is a collection of closed subsets of X such that … Continue reading
Posted in Notes
Tagged advanced, compact spaces, finite intersection property, four colour theorem, topology
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Topology: More on Compact Spaces
In the previous article, we defined compact spaces as those where every open cover has a finite subcover, i.e. if then we can find a finite set of indices such that On an intuitive level, one should imagine a compact … Continue reading
Topology: Complete Metric Spaces
[ This article was updated on 8 Mar 13; the universal property is now in terms of Cauchy-continuous maps. ] On an intuitive level, a complete metric space is one where there are “no gaps”. Formally, we have: Definition. A … Continue reading
Posted in Notes
Tagged advanced, cauchy sequences, complete metric spaces, completion, metric spaces, topology, universal properties
11 Comments
Topology: Hausdorff Spaces and Dense Subsets
Hausdorff Spaces Recall that we’d like a condition on a topological space X such that if a sequence converges, its limit is unique. A sufficient condition is given by the following: Definition. A topological space X is said to be Hausdorff if … Continue reading
Posted in Notes
Tagged advanced, continuity, dense subsets, Hausdorff, metric spaces, nets, topology
4 Comments
Topology: Product Spaces (II)
The Box Topology Following an earlier article on products of two topological spaces, we’ll now talk about a product of possibly infinitely many topological spaces. Suppose is a collection of topological spaces indexed by I, and we wish to define … Continue reading
Topology: Interior
Let Y be a subset of a topological space X. In the previous article, we defined the closure of Y as the smallest closed subset of X containing Y. Dually, we shall now define the interior of Y to be the largest open subset contained in … Continue reading
Posted in Notes
Tagged advanced, boundaries, closures, interiors, product topology, subspaces, topology
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Mathematics and Such 