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Author Archives: limsup
Elementary Module Theory (III): Approaching Linear Algebra
The Hom Group Continuing from the previous installation, here’s another way of writing the universal properties for direct sums and products. Let Hom(M, N) be the set of all module homomorphisms M → N; then: (*) for any R-module N. In the case where there’re finitely … Continue reading
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Tagged cokernels, direct products, direct sums, homomorphism, isomorphism theorems, kernels, linear algebra, modules, submodules, vector space
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Elementary Module Theory (II)
Having defined submodules, let’s proceed to quotient modules. Unlike the case of groups and rings, any submodule can give a quotient module without any additional condition imposed. Definition. Let N be a submodule of M. By definition, it’s an additive … Continue reading
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Tagged cokernels, direct products, direct sums, homomorphism, isomorphism theorems, kernels, modules, submodules
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Elementary Module Theory (I)
Modules can be likened to “vector spaces for rings”. To be specific, we shall see later that a vector space is precisely a module over a field (or in some cases, a division ring). This set of notes assumes the … Continue reading
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Tagged generated submodules, ideals, left ideals, modules, rings, scalar multiplication, simple modules, submodules
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Quick Guide to Character Theory (III): Examples and Further Topics
G10(a). Character Table of S4 Let’s construct the character table for . First, we have the trivial and alternating representations (see examples 1 and 2 in G1), both of which are clearly irreducible. Next, the action of G on {1, 2, 3, … Continue reading
Quick Guide to Character Theory (II): Main Theory
Reminder: throughout this series, G is a finite group and K is a field. All K-vector spaces are assumed to be finite-dimensional over K. G4. Maschke’s Theorem If is a K[G]-submodule, it turns out V is isomorphic to the direct sum of W and some other submodule W’. … Continue reading
Quick Guide to Character Theory (I): Foundation
Character theory is one of the most beautiful topics in undergraduate mathematics; the objective is to study the structure of a finite group G by letting it act on vector spaces. Earlier, we had already seen some interesting results (e.g. proof … Continue reading
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Tagged character theory, dual spaces, fields, group algebras, groups, modules, representation theory
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Topology: More on Algebra and Topology
We’ve arrived at the domain where topology meets algebra. Thus we have to proceed carefully to ensure that the topology of our algebraic constructions are well-behaved. Let’s look at topological groups again. Our first task is to show that the … Continue reading
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Tagged algebra, connected spaces, groups, isomorphism theorems, open maps, orthogonal groups, quotient topology, rings, topology
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Topology: Quotients of Topological Groups
Topology for Coset Space This is really a continuation from the previous article. Let G be a topological group and H a subgroup of G. The collection of left cosets G/H is then given the quotient topology. This quotient space, however, satisfies an additional … Continue reading
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Tagged advanced, group quotients, open maps, quotient topology, topological groups, topology, universal properties
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Topology: Quotient Topology and Gluing
In topology, there’s the concept of gluing points or subspaces together. For example, take the closed interval X = [0, 1] and glue the endpoints 0 and 1 together. Pictorially, we get: That looks like a circle, but to prove it’s … Continue reading
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Tagged advanced, gluing, klein bottle, mobius strip, quotient topology, topological groups, topology, universal properties
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Topology: Topological Groups
This article assumes you know some basic group theory. The motivation here is to consider groups whose underlying operations are continuous with respect to its topology. Definition. A topological group G is a group with an underlying topology such that: the … Continue reading
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Tagged advanced, compact sets, connected components, groups, homeomorphisms, separation axioms, topological groups, topology
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Mathematics and Such 