Tag Archives: quadratic residues

Quadratic Residues – Part IV (Applications)

Let p be an odd prime and g be a primitive root modulo p. Given any a which is not a multiple of p, we can write for some r. We mentioned at the end of the last section that a is a square if … Continue reading

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Quadratic Residues – Part III

Ok, here’s the third installation. Getting a little tired of repeatedly saying “a is/isn’t a square mod p“, we introduce a new notation. Definition. Let p be an odd prime and a be an integer coprime to p. The Legendre symbol … Continue reading

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Quadratic Residues – Part II

Recall what we’re trying to do here: to show that if p > 2 is prime and a is not a square modulo p, then . As mentioned at the end of the previous part, we will need… Primitive Roots Again, let … Continue reading

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Quadratic Residues – Part I

[ Background required : modular arithmetic. Seriously. ] Warning: many of the proofs for theorems will be omitted in this set of notes, due to the length of the proofs. The basic question we’re trying to answer in this series … Continue reading

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